A Different Mother’s Day Gift Guide

Tags: Well-being, Happiness | 3 Comments »

Nothing has a stronger influence psychologically…on children than the unlived life of the parent. — Carl Jung

The full truth of this quotation (provided in a comment on my last posting, Confessions of a Selfish Mother) is up for debate, but it certainly captures the central point I was trying to make: parents need to take care of themselves—finding their own inner peace and joy—in order to best take care of others.

Last week readers raised the question of whether or not it would be better to, say, save the planet or take care of women in a shelter, than to spend time on yourself this Mother’s Day. I am all for altruism as a route to lasting happiness, and spend a good deal of time volunteering myself. But, perhaps because I am not surrounded by the “hopelessly idle” mothers one reader criticizes, I tend to see the parents around me giving and doing for everyone else first before taking care of their own needs. Depression is a not-uncommon outcome when, for whatever reason, we are unable to take care of our own emotional needs.

I say take the advice of the airlines: put on your oxygen mask first and THEN help those around you. I’m not saying don’t help those around you, but rather, that should you become faint from lack of oxygen, you won’t be much good to anyone at all. Speaking for myself, I’ve found that a certain core of peace and centeredness is necessary before I can really be engaged in raising happy, compassionate, and altruistic children.

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So if you are thinking of buying the mother in your life gobs of stuff this Mother’s Day, consider this: stuff won’t make her lastingly happy, but there are other things that you can do that can. And if you are a mother, consider taking the matter into your own hands rather than waiting for a present to make your Mother’s Day a good one. Here are some things you can do to that are more likely to bring you real joy:

(1) Go out with your friends and have a few laughs.
The most persistent finding we have from 50 years happiness research tells us that our well-being is best predicted by how connected we feel to other people. Do we have lots of friends? Know our neighbors? Are we close to our extended family? Care about our co-workers? People with a lot of social connections are less likely to experience sadness, loneliness (duh), low self-esteem, and problems with eating and sleeping.

So to bring on some lasting happiness, we need to nurture our social connections. But a girls’ night out can—not surprisingly—bring us instant happiness as well, and I’m not talking about the kind you imbibe. The laughter we share with our buddies (or anyone, really) literally changes our body chemistry by retarding that pesky fight-or-flight stress system. A good guffaw—or even little giggle—causes our heart rate and blood pressure to drop and our muscles to relax.

Laughter is contagious, so hang out with a couple of friends or family members who are likely to be laughing themselves. Their laughter is likely to get you laughing too, but it doesn’t even need to in order to lighten your mood. Neuroscientists believe that hearing another person laugh triggers mirror neurons in a region of the brain that makes a listener feel as though she is actually laughing herself.

(2) Have your kids or partner give you a massage or pedicure.
There really is such thing as a magic touch. Like laughter, being touched in a positive way can also trigger biochemical reactions that make us feel good. Getting a massage or being touched—even just briefly—by a loved one can increase activation in the orbitofrontal cortex, the part of the brain where we feel the pleasure in a reward, as when we eat a piece of chocolate or win a pile of money. It also reduces the cardiovascular stress response and decreases our levels of stress hormones like cortisol. Touch is essential to our physical and mental well-being—without it we wither and perish.

So an at-home spa day is a VERY APPROPRIATE and highly recommended (hint, hint) Mother’s Day gift. Dacher Keltner’s research shows that touch is the primary language of compassion, trust, love and gratitude—so dads and kids reading this might want to consider giving mom a massage or pedicure with a leg rub yourself. This will promote the release of oxytocin in mom, which will make her feel more bonded to you or the person giving the massage.

(Here’s the thing about that last suggestion: if you can afford to get the mom in your life a professional massage, she might actually prefer that despite the benefits of feeling more connected to the at-home masseuse. Could be that she feels touched enough by you or the kids and is looking for a bit more of a vacation. I love it when my kids give me “a massage,” but it lasts more like 8 seconds than 80 minutes. Execution counts. Ask her what she wants.)

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(3) Take some quiet time for yourself.
The appeal of spa time for me doesn’t just come from the positive effects of touch—it comes from the possibility of some quiet time for reflection or meditation. Want to turn your brainwaves that signal stress into those that indicate bliss? Start meditating. Do it enough and research suggests that you will increase activity in the area of your brain that is active when you feel happiness (the left prefrontal cortex).

Neuroscience of yester yore held that our brains were pretty much done growing when we reached full height. Now we know that our brain is more like a muscle—use a particular area a lot and it will grow. As science writer Sharon Begley describes in her book Train Your Mind, Change Your Brain, studies of Tibetan monks show that meditation is a particularly effective way to grow the part of your brain that registers positive emotions. We Westerners freely accept that if we want to excel at something like music, or athletics, or learning a new language, we will need to train and practice hard. However, we rarely think that we can also train and practice to be happier—something Buddhists have long known. Meditation is concentrated happiness training. If you don’t know how to meditate but are interested in learning, Martha Beck outlines a whole chapter of different techniques in her book The Joy Diet.

If you just read that part on meditation and thought, “Huh. I’m sticking to the pedicure,” don’t give up on taking some quiet time altogether. Take some time to yourself to begin a gratitude journal. Writing about things you feel grateful for is a simple way to bring more joy into your life. tools-icon-fridge.gifPeople who “practice gratitude” feel considerably happier (25%) than those in a control group—they are more joyful, enthusiastic, interested, and determined. In one study, researchers had people list five things they felt thankful for once a week for 10 weeks. At the end of the study, participants “felt better about their lives as a whole and were more optimistic about the future.”

Those benefits are all the evidence you need to have a guilt-free pass to nurture your own happiness—whether it is by meditating or practicing gratitude, spending a little more time with your friends, or by indulging yourself with the nurturing touch of another person. Do these things this year in celebration of Mother’s Day with the intention that they will become a regular part of your activities (we all know one day isn’t enough!). For the sake of your kids.


Christine Carter, Ph.D., is a mother of two and the executive director of the Greater Good Science Center at UC Berkeley
. Find more tips for raising happy kids at greatergoodparents.org.
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Confessions of a Selfish Mother

Tags: Well-being | 15 Comments »

Mother’s Day is that one time of year that moms are allowed indulgence—in our household this usually involves breakfast in bed and a rare opportunity to read the paper. For me this breakfast-in-bed “indulgence” is, not surprisingly, messy and a little on the chaotic side. (Though definitely fun and cute, trying to balance coffee on a tray with two excited kids encouraging me to eat the toast they made—daddy scraped off the burned stuff—is just not that relaxing.)
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But here’s the thing: I don’t really care if I experience bliss on Mother’s Day because I take a lot of time for myself. I regularly travel to Los Angeles for my work, where I stay overnight to hang out with my brother, who is single and fun. I spend a half day every other weekend with a friend in the city—a world away from my family—working on paintings and talking about music. I regularly go out for food, belly-laughs, and soulful confessions with my good friends. I always try to be training athletically for something, which means I can often be found at the gym or on a long run or at a surf clinic. When we go swimming, I lounge in the shade and read (because my skin-cancer prone complexion conveniently can’t tolerate much sun) while my kids’ dad plays with them for hours on end.

I do feel guilty about taking all this time to myself. Am I being selfish? Should I be making more personal sacrifices for my children? Would my kids benefit from more time with me? Would they be happier or better prepared for adulthood if I joined them riding bikes at the local elementary school instead of painting on Sunday afternoons? (Or is it narcissistic to think that?) I even feel guilty that I’m privileged enough to make such choices—that financially I can afford not to work full-time, that my parents are nearby and often pick up the kids from school while I’m off running or am in LA, and that my kids have a very involved dad who picks up the slack. Shouldn’t I be doing more of the parenting myself?

Truth is I start to feel bored and anxious if I spend too much time doing laundry, mediating sibling arguments, and reading Biscuit Goes To School. I don’t really like playing Sorry! with my kids, especially if I have to do it all the time. And I just can’t seem to make myself fully participate in the pretend play that so engages the endless imaginations of my daughters. (I mean really, how many cups of pretend coffee can a woman drink enthusiastically in the span of an hour?) Go ahead, judge me. I’m a bad mother.

GUFFAW. Of course I’m not a bad parent, and neither are you. I love being a mom. Clearly I think a lot about what it means to be a good parent, and though I’m not perfect I try hard. I find deep joy in a nose-to-nose snuggle with a child who puts off sleep by saying, “Mom, I want to tell you one more thing. So I had this idea…” And I really think that my own personal happiness—nourished by the time I take for myself—benefits my children.
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Happy Mothers, Happy Children?
Although I haven’t seen good research to substantiate this theory that mothers’ happiness directly influences the happiness of their children, a fairly extensive body of research has established a substantial link between mothers who feel depressed and “negative outcomes” in their children, like acting out and other behavior problems. As you might imagine, when we mothers feel depressed it is not good for our children’s happiness.

Maternal depression affects kids in two ways. One way is direct—maternal depression actually seems to cause behavior problems in kids. The other way is that depression can also affect the way people parent—making their discipline less effective, for example—and so it creates behavior problems in kids that way as well. Depressed mothers tend to be less sensitive and proactive in responding to their children’s needs, and they are less likely to play with their children in emotionally positive ways. The children of mothers who are chronically depressed—those whose feelings of sadness and despair persist—perform more poorly on tests of school readiness, they use less expressive language, and they have poorer social skills. And it isn’t just depression: anxiety in mothers (something I’m prone to) is associated with increased anxiety in children.

So for goodness sake, take care of yourself or the mothers in your life this Mother’s Day! “Indulge” in those things that will make you lastingly happy, knowing that when you do the things that nourish you as a whole person—one with more interests and needs than just being a good parent—you are also doing something good for your children. Next week I’m going to blog about those things that will bring you real joy on Mother’s Day. If you aren’t a mom but you know one—and I’m betting you do—let this be your gift guide for her! In the mean time, please post comments about those things that make you happiest as a person, and how you feel when you are “indulging” in those things.

Christine Carter, Ph.D., is a mother of two and the executive director of the Greater Good Science Center at UC Berkeley. Read the rest of this entry »

Raising Optimistic Kids

Tags: Optimism, Praise, Mindsets | 6 Comments »

The last post was about why we parents should foster optimism in our kids. In a nutshell: there is a close link between how optimistically kids think and how healthy and happy they are—and how they perform academically and athletically, for that matter. This post explains a little more about what it means to be optimistic or pessimistic and so that we parents can better foster optimism in our kids.

Martin Seligman
has been doing research on optimism for decades, and his book The Optimistic Child is a great resource for parents. According to Seligman and other researchers, how optimistic or pessimistic we are amounts to how we explain life’s events, be they good or bad. There are three basic dimensions to an explanation: permanence, pervasiveness, and personalization. Read the rest of this entry »

The Benefits of Optimism

Tags: Optimism, Failure, Praise, Well-being | 4 Comments »

Just as despair can come to one another only from other human beings, hope, too, can be given to one only by other human beings. –Elie Wiesel

Are our children hopeful? Do they expect good in the world? That things will work out for the best? Optimism is so closely related to happiness that the two can practically be equated. And guess what: optimism is a teachable skill. Hope, faith and optimism are all positive emotions about the future, and so are essential parts of a happy childhood. That is enough for me, but if a happy childhood isn’t your first priority for your kids, think about these other benefits reaped by optimistic children. Compared to pessimistic people, optimists are:tools-icon-book.gif

    • More successful in school, at work, and in athletics
    • They are healthier and they live longer
    • They are more satisfied with their marriages
    • They are less likely to suffer from depression
    • They are less anxious

Who wouldn’t want that list of benefits for themselves or for their kids?? (If you raised your hand, this is the wrong blog for you!) Research points to three ways that kids learn to be either optimistic or pessimistic from their parents.

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Making Dinnertime Worth the Effort

Tags: family mealtime | 7 Comments »

This posting is about how to make chow-time a powerful ritual for kids—and how doing so will make them happier people. tools-icon-tv.gif

At least in my family, dinnertime is really our only daily family ritual. Rituals are any kind of routine that has symbolic or expressive meaning. They are important because they illustrate our values—kids know intuitively that we celebrate or ritualize the things we believe are most important. There are two reasons dinnertime can be important for your kids’ well-being:

1: It makes them feel that they are a part of something larger than themselves (that would be your family). As I’ve said before, 50 years of happiness research has consistently told us that human happiness is all about meaningful social connections. Kids need to feel a part of their family on a daily basis, and dinnertime is a terrific way to accomplish this.

Running out of things to talk about? Start telling your kids some family history. Research shows that telling stories about your shared past creates strong and secure emotional bonds, which directly impacts how well families are functioning. Turns out this study also found that kids who knew a lot about their family history learned it at dinnertime.

I also try to think about what the way we get dinner on the table says symbolically about our family. We sit together at the table to literally create a family circle. And we try to get dinner on the table as a team. We try to cook as a team, even if it just means having Molly press start on the microwave and Fiona wash the lettuce. (Even if it takes longer, involves nagging someone to set the table, and everyone is starving and cranky.) We try clean up together, too, though again it is often tempting to let the kids leave the table while the adults hang around and talk. The idea is to show our children that this is the way that we care for each other on a daily basis.

Sometimes it definitely is easier to do the mom-as-waiter/personal chef routine. But when we wait on our children the symbolic meaning is that they are passive actors who are entitled to our service—rather than lucky and active participants in a larger whole.

2: Dinnertime can habitually evoke positive emotions for everyone at the table. The easiest way to do this is to say grace. Read the rest of this entry »